![]() ![]() When the United States realized that it did not have close to enough soldiers, it decided to pass the Selective Service Act of 1917 which required all men from the ages of 21 to 30 to register for the draft this included African Americans. Īlthough many African Americans were eager to fight in the war, they were often turned away from military service. Racism in the United States is considered to have been at its worst between the First and Second World Wars. While many African Americans who served in the Great War believed racial discrimination would dissipate once they returned home, that did not happen. Scott was to serve as a confidential advisor in situations that involved the well-being of ten million African Americans and their roles in the war. Washington, was appointed Special Assistant to Newton D. On 5 October 1917, Emmett Jay Scott, long-time secretary to Booker T. The regiment was also the first of the Allied forces to cross the Rhine into Germany.īackground Emmett Jay Scott helped form the Hellfighters They also suffered the most losses of any American regiment, with 1,500 casualties. During World War I, the 369th spent 191 days in front line trenches, more than any other American unit. Legend has it that they were called the Hellfighters ( German: Höllenkämpfer) by the German enemy, although there is no documentation of this and the moniker may have been a creation of the American press. The nickname Men of Bronze ( French: Hommes de Bronze) was given to the regiment by the French after they had witnessed the gallantry of the Americans fighting in the trenches. The regiment was named the Black Rattlers after arriving in France by its commander COL William Hayward. With the 370th Infantry Regiment, it was known for being one of the first African-American regiments to serve with the American Expeditionary Forces during World War I. The regiment consisted mainly of African Americans, though it also included men from Puerto Rico, Cuba, Guyana, Liberia, Portugal, Canada, the West Indies, as well as American white officers. The 369th Infantry Regiment, originally formed as the 15th New York National Guard Regiment before being re-organized as the 369th upon federalization and commonly referred to as the Harlem Hellfighters, was an infantry regiment of the New York Army National Guard during World War I and World War II. Army-issue Brodie helmet, correct for that time. Seen here at Séchault, France on 29 September 1918, during the Meuse-Argonne Offensive, they wear the U.S. After being detached and seconded to the French, they wore the Adrian helmet, while retaining the rest of their U.S. But Falkenhayn's plan for an attack that would economise on German resources failed to work out as he expected.The 369th in action.The two campaigns together should have brought France and Britain to terms Falkenhayn hoped to combine the Verdun offensive with a U-boat offensive against British shipping.General Erich von Falkenhayn, the Chief of the General Staff and Germany's principal strategist, targeted Verdun because of its position on the Allied line and its sentimental value to French people.At the end of the bloodshed, France emerged as the victor, by December 1916 winning back nearly all the territory it had lost in February. ![]() Verdun - a strong point on the long frontline dividing the French and German armies - was the longest battle of World War One. ![]()
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